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关键词： 环状RNA   翻译机制   肿瘤  

摘要： 环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)是来源于前体mRNA的一类环状结构RNA,其形成依赖于反向剪接。由于缺乏典型的5′端帽结构与3′端多聚腺苷酸尾,circRNA在细胞中不易受到外切酶降解,从而具有比线性RNA更高的稳定性。长期以来,circRNA被视为非编码分子,但近年来的研究不断显示,部分circRNA能够在特定条件下被翻译成多肽或蛋白质。当前已识别的翻译方式主要包括依赖内部核糖体进入位点(IRES)的非依赖5′端帽结构的翻译,以及由N6-甲基腺苷(m6A)修饰介导的启动机制,这些进展促使我们重新审视非编码RNA的功能边界。越来越多的证据表明,circRNA编码的多肽通过介导肿瘤相关信号通路调控及蛋白质相互作用网络,参与肿瘤发生发展中的关键生物学过程,既可能增强肿瘤细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭和上皮–间质转化,也可能通过抑制信号通路或干扰蛋白质相互作用发挥抑癌作用。因此,这类多肽在肿瘤发生与发展的多个阶段扮演了复杂而重要的角色。本文围绕circRNA的翻译机制进行系统性综述,重点总结其编码的多肽在肿瘤细胞行为调控中的具体功能,并进一步分析其作为潜在诊断标志物和治疗靶点的应用前景。明确circRNA翻译产物的生物学意义,将为阐明肿瘤发生机制和开发新的精准医学策略提供重要启示。

关键词： 膝关节周围肿瘤   人工膝关节假体置换术   运动   康复   综述  

摘要： 目的:对膝关节周围肿瘤切除行人工膝关节假体置换术病人运动干预的内容及效果进行总结,为医护人员制订膝关节周围肿瘤切除行人工膝关节假体置换术病人的运动干预方案提供参考。方法:计算机检索英国国家卫生与临床优化研究所(NICE)网站、theCochraneLibrary、UpToDate、CINAHL、PubMed、Embase、WebofScience、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库中关于膝关节周围肿瘤切除行人工膝关节假体置换术病人运动干预的文献,检索时限为2013年1月1日—2023年12月31日。结果:共纳入12篇文献。膝关节周围肿瘤切除行人工膝关节假体置换术病人的运动类型以股四头肌、内收肌、臀肌和腓肠肌等长收缩运动,踝关节和膝关节活动练习,平衡及步态训练为主;运动强度根据病人负重情况以低-中强度为主;运动频率以每周1~7次,每次15~45min为主;运动周期最短为2周,最长为2年。运动干预对膝关节周围肿瘤切除行人工膝关节假体置换术病人的肢体功能、生活质量有不同程度的改善。结论:运动干预在膝关节周围肿瘤切除行人工膝关节假体置换术病人中取得了良好的应用效果,医护人员可在保障病人安全前提下,制订不同部位、不同手术方式膝关节周围肿瘤切除行人工膝关节假体置换术病人的运动干预方案,并进一步扩大样本量与随访时间,持续关注病人肢体功能,促进其康复。

关键词： 糖酵解重编程   Warburg效应   放疗抵抗   放射增敏  

摘要： 放射治疗是肿瘤治疗的重要手段,但肿瘤细胞可通过糖酵解重编程形成多层次的辐射防御网络,导致放疗抵抗。本综述系统阐述了其核心机制:糖酵解重编程通过增强DNA损伤修复、维持氧化还原稳态、酸化肿瘤微环境并诱导免疫抑制、维持肿瘤干细胞干性与代谢可塑性,以及与细胞周期和自噬等过程交互作用,共同促进肿瘤放疗抵抗。尽管靶向糖酵解在临床前研究中显示出放射增敏潜力,但其临床转化仍面临代谢异质性等挑战。未来需深入解析相关调控网络,发展选择性干预策略,为克服放疗抵抗提供新方向。

关键词： 生殖科医生   生育力保存   肿瘤   乳腺癌  

摘要： 在诊室里,小张(化名)是一位刚满30岁的乳腺癌患者,她手里的诊断书像一块寒冰。但在巨大的恐惧中,她眼里仍有一丝光亮:“医生,我以后还能有自己的孩子吗?”作为一名生殖科医生,我坚定地告诉她:“在抗击病魔的路上,我们有机会先为你的‘生育希望’按下暂停键。上帝关上一扇门时,医生正努力为你打开一扇窗。”

关键词： 冷肿瘤   免疫检查点抑制剂   基因工程   基因免疫治疗  

摘要： 近日,北京大学药学院天然药物及仿生药物全国重点实验室谢海燕教授团队在Cell Reports Medicine杂志发表了题为“Potentiating immunotherapy in‘immune-cold’solid tumors through orchestrating T cell immunity via tumor-specific genetic engineering”的研究论文。该研究开发了一种肿瘤特异性的基因工程化表达系统,通过全方位重塑T细胞抗肿瘤免疫应答,实现对多种低免疫原性“冷肿瘤”的高效抑制,并显著提升免疫检查点抑制剂(ICIs)和嵌合抗原受体T细胞(CAR-T)疗法对实体瘤的治疗效果。

关键词： 肝恶性肿瘤   都柏林沙门菌   阴囊脓肿   免疫功能低下   抗生素治疗  

摘要： 沙门菌是一种革兰阴性兼性厌氧菌,属于肠杆菌科细菌。该菌广泛寄生于人类和动物肠道中,是引起食源性疾病暴发最常见的人畜共患病原体,约一半以上的食源性疾病暴发与沙门菌有关[1-2]。非伤寒沙门菌(non-typhoidal Salmonella,NTS)感染多局限于肠道,引起胃肠炎,而肠外感染相对少见。都柏林沙门菌主要感染牛等动物,由该菌引起的人类感染通常以肠胃炎和发热为主要表现,而阴囊脓肿较为罕见。本文报道了1例肝恶性肿瘤患者因反复感染都柏林沙门菌导致阴囊脓肿的病例,旨在提醒临床医师在免疫功能低下的患者中需警惕罕见病原体感染的可能性,以提高诊断准确性和治疗效果。

关键词： SLC7A11   ESCC   增殖   铁死亡   肿瘤微环境   葡萄糖代谢   乳酸代谢   ATP代谢  

摘要： 目的探讨溶质载体家族7成员11蛋白(SLC7A11)在食管鳞癌(ESCC)中的表达及其与临床预后之间的关系以及如何影响ESCC细胞增殖、迁移等生物学过程。方法利用免疫组化技术分析310例ESCC和259例癌旁正常对照组织样本的SLC7A11蛋白表达。分析SLC7A11蛋白与ESCC患者的临床病理特征和预后之间的关系。使用siRNA抑制ESCC细胞系中SLC7A11基因的表达,利用CCK-8、平板克隆形成、Transwell实验探究敲低SLC7A11基因表达对ESCC细胞增殖迁移水平的影响。三磷酸腺苷(ATP)、乳酸和丙酮酸试剂盒用于检测ESCC细胞代谢水平。结果SLC7A11蛋白表达定位于ESCC细胞的胞质,其在ESCC组织的表达水平高于癌旁正常组织(P<0.001)。SLC7A11高表达的ESCC患者分化程度更差(P<0.01)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示SLC7A11高表达的患者的生存时间明显短于低表达的患者(P<0.05)。CCK-8实验和平板克隆形成实验表明,降低SLC7A11表达能够降低肿瘤细胞的增殖能力(P<0.001)。Transwell实验显示SLC7A11表达水平降低,肿瘤细胞迁移能力下降(P<0.001)。SLC7A11的表达水平降低时,ESCC细胞内ATP、乳酸和丙酮酸水平也随之下降(P<0.001),提示其与ESCC代谢相关。结论ESCC组织中SLC7A11蛋白高表达水平较高,与患者预后不良密切相关。下调该蛋白表达显著抑制癌细胞的增殖与迁移。SLC7A11可能参与调控ESCC细胞的葡萄糖摄取、乳酸分泌和ATP代谢,从而影响ESCC的代谢微环境。

关键词： 中药纳米制剂   肿瘤糖代谢   葡萄糖转运蛋白   关键酶活性  

摘要： 肿瘤细胞通过糖代谢重编程获得能量和生物合成前体,以支撑其无限增殖、侵袭转移、应激耐受等恶性生物学行为,该代谢特征已成为肿瘤治疗的关键靶点。中药因生物活性广泛、毒性低等优势,在肿瘤治疗领域展现出良好应用场景,但存在水溶性差、生物利用度低、靶向性不足等瓶颈。纳米技术可有效解决上述问题,实现药物的精准递送和疗效增效。综述了中药纳米制剂调控肿瘤糖代谢的主要药理策略,包括阻断葡萄糖转运蛋白功能、降低关键酶活性以及调控肿瘤微环境因素,旨在为靶向代谢的抗肿瘤疗法提供参考。

关键词： hydrophilic imprinted resin   graphene aerogel   specific recognition   solid-phase extraction   tumor biomarkers   high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)  

摘要： In recent years, molecularly imprinted polymers have shown considerable promise in analytical detection and early diagnosis of diseases due to their high selectivity and specificity. Nevertheless, the practical implementation of these methods is still restricted by several intrinsic limitations associated with traditional synthesis approaches, including a strong reliance on organic solvents, poor recognition efficiency in aqueous media, and low adsorption capacity. To overcome these challenges, this study presents an innovative strategy that integrates superhydrophilic resin with graphene aerogel (GA), resulting in successful fabrication of a superhydrophilic molecularly imprinted resin-GA composite (HMIR-GA) via surface in situ polymerization in water. The resulting HMIR-GA exhibited a significantly enhanced adsorption capacity and improved recognition performance in aqueous environments towards tumor biomarker. Characterization of the HMIR-GA was performed using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis, and contact angle measurements. FT-IR spectra revealed that the broad peak at 3 400 cm(-1) can be ascribed to the formation of -OH associations. The absorption peak at 1 724 cm(-1) corresponds to the stretching vibration peak of C=O on the surface of graphene oxide (GO). The absorption peaks at 1 602 cm(-1) and 1 462 cm(-1) are assigned to the C=C stretching vibration peaks of resorcinol. During the reaction process, due to the reduction effect of ammonia water, the C=O on graphene oxide is reduced. The characteristic peak at 1 069 cm(-1) is induced by the stretching vibration of C-O-C, representing the formation by the reaction between resorcinol and hexamethylenetetramine. These characteristic peaks clearly demonstrate that the HMIR have been successfully incorporated into the graphene aerogel. The FT-IR results confirm the successful synthesis of HMIR-GA. SEM reveals that the sur

关键词： circulating tumor cells   cell imprinting   hydrogels   interfaces   enrichment  

摘要： Circulating tumor cells (CTC) have emerged as crucial mediators in the metastatic cascade, offering invaluable insights as real-time liquid biomarkers for cancer progression, prognosis, and treatment response. Their exceptionally low concentration in peripheral blood, which typically ranges from a handful to a few dozen cells per milliliter amidst billions of background blood cells, poses formidable challenges for isolation and molecular characterization. Despite this, the efficient and specific capture of CTC holds tremendous potential for revolutionizing early cancer detection, dynamic monitoring of therapeutic efficacy, and guiding personalized treatment strategies. Currently, the primary technologies for CTC enrichment fall into two categories: immunoaffinity-based methods that employ antibodies targeting epithelial surface markers such as epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), and label-free approaches that leverage physical properties including cell size, deformability, and density, exemplified by membrane filtration and centrifugal techniques. However, these conventional methods are hampered by several inherent limitations, including high operational costs, dependence on highly variable surface antigen expression, insufficient capture specificity leading to low purity, and significant interference from heterogeneous blood components such as leukocytes and platelets. Consequently, there is an urgent and growing need to develop novel functional materials and platforms that offer enhanced selectivity, robust stability in physiological conditions, excellent biocompatibility, and improved clinical applicability for the effective isolation and analysis of CTC. In this study, we innovatively integrate cell imprinting technology with a rational amino acid-based affinity strategy to develop a tryptophan-histidine-arginine (WHR) tripeptide-functionalized cell-imprinted hydrogel for highly efficient and selective capture of CTC. The design leverages the unique prope